{"id":615,"date":"2023-11-13T06:51:16","date_gmt":"2023-11-13T06:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/?p=615"},"modified":"2023-11-13T06:51:16","modified_gmt":"2023-11-13T06:51:16","slug":"impact-of-morphine-induced-immunosuppression-in-tuberculosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/blog\/impact-of-morphine-induced-immunosuppression-in-tuberculosis\/","title":{"rendered":"Impact of Morphine-Induced Immunosuppression in Tuberculosis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Dr. Vipula Bataduwaarachchi<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Epidemiological studies have shown high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence among chronic opioid users. Opioid receptors are found on multiple immune cells and immunomodulatory properties of opioids could be a contributory factor for ensuing immunosuppression and development or reactivation of TB. Toll-like receptors (TLR) mediate an immune response against microbial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis.<br \/>\nMycobacterial antigens and opioids co-stimulate TLRs 2\/4\/9 in immune cells, with resulting receptor cross-talk via multiple cytosolic secondary messengers, leading to significant immunomodulatory downstream effects. Blockade of specific immune pathways involved in the host defence against TB by morphine may play a critical role in causing tuberculosis among chronic morphine users despite multiple confounding factors such as socioeconomic deprivation, Human immunodeficiency virus co-infection and malnutrition.<br \/>\nIn this review, published in the Frontiers Immunology, we map out immune pathways involved when immune cells are co-stimulated with mycobacterial antigens and morphine to explore a potential immunopathological basis for TB amongst long-term opioid users. These findings will help in exploring new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-616 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Picture1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"624\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Picture1.png 624w, https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Picture1-300x163.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Vipula Bataduwaarachchi Epidemiological studies have shown high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence among chronic opioid users. Opioid receptors are found on [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":617,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=615"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":618,"href":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/615\/revisions\/618"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/617"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.res.cmb.ac.lk\/medicine\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}